Skeletal aspects of the atlanto-occipital fusion in a Japanese brown calf.

Atlanto-occipital fusion in a Japanese Brown calf was examined morphologically, paying special attention to skeletal changes. At the craniovertebral junction, the basal occipital bone fused to the cranial extremity of the ventral arch of the atlas with the rudiment of the atlantal centrum. The dens was not formed at the axis. These changes suggest that a hypocentrum and a centrum of the atlas derived from the first cervical sclerotome had failed to separate the occipital base from the proatlantal sclerotome including the apical element of the dens. Although a developmental disturbance at the cervical and thoracic vertebrae was also associated, critical neurological signs such as ataxia and paralysis were absent.     

Selection of Rice Genotypes for Salinity Tolerance Through Morpho-Biochemical Assessment

The present study reported the morpho-biochemical evaluation of 15 selected rice genotypes for salt tolerance at the seedling stage. Growth parameters including shoot length, root length, plant biomass, plant turgid weight, plant dry weight along with relative water content were measured after exposure to saline solution （with electrical conductivity value of 12 dS/m）. Genotypes, showing significant differential responses towards salinity in the fields, were assessed through 14 salinity-linked morpho-biochemical attributes, measured at 14 d after exposure of seedling in saline nutrient solution. Relative water content, chlorophyll a/b, peroxidase activity and plant biomass were identified as potential indicators of salt tolerance. Principal component analysis and successive Hierarchical clustering using Euclidean distance revealed that Talmugur, Gheus, Ghunsi, Langalmura, Sabitapalui, and Sholerpona were promising genotypes for further breeding programmes in rice. The maximum Euclidean distance was plotted between Thavallakanan and Talmugur （7.49）, followed by Thavallakanan and Langalmura （6.82）, indicating these combinations may be exploited as parental lines in hybridization programmes to develop salinity tolerant variety.     

Characterization of new thioacidolysis products of sinapyl aldehyde and coniferyl aldehyde

To elucidate the chemical structure ofp-hydroxycinnamyl aldehyde moieties of abnormal angiosperm lignins of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase down-regulated plants, sinapyl and coniferyl aldehydes were subjected to thioacidolysis. and the products were analyzed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The chromatograms indicated that two pairs of new isomeric compounds were released during thioacidolysis of sinapyl and coniferyl aldehydes, respectively, together with the previously found products. These products were also found in the thioacidolysis products of dehydrogenation polymer incorporatingp-hydroxycinnamyl aldehydes. The new compounds had the novel indane structure in that they position of the side chain was linked to an aromatic ring. In the case of sinapyl aldehyde, these isomer compounds were the main products, which indicated different reactivities of sinapyl and coniferyl aldehydes during thioacidolysis.Part of this paper was presented at the TAPPI Pulping Conference. Nashville, October 1996; and the 41st Lignin Symposium, Nagoya. October 1996     

中华绒螯蟹生殖群体生物学特征及消化酶活力研究

为研究中华绒螯蟹生殖洄游途中渔获规格、性腺成熟度及消化能力的差异特征,于2014年洄游汛期内(10—11月)在长江下游8个断面采集样本并进行生物学调查及消化酶活力测定。共随机采集样本261只,其中雌蟹127只、雄蟹134只。壳宽变幅为44. 46～96. 06 mm,均值为(64. 28±9. 45) mm;体质量变幅为34. 9～312. 9 g,均值为(131. 65±57. 79) g。壳宽和体质量呈显著的幂函数相关,雌蟹关系式为y=0. 000 8x~(2. 859 6)(R~2=0. 951 2),雄蟹关系式为y=0. 000 4x~(3. 031 5)(R~2=0. 960 1)。性腺指数(GSI)变幅为0. 71～10. 84,均值为4. 94±2. 59;肝胰腺指数(HSI)变幅为2. 46～20. 04,均值为7. 92±1. 89。淀粉酶比活力变幅为0. 02～5. 45 U/mg prot,均值为(0. 84±0. 76) U/mg prot;脂肪酶比活力变幅为0. 28～1. 13 U/g prot,均值为(0. 68±0. 14) U/g prot;胰蛋白酶活力变幅为117. 21～78 897. 26 U/mg prot,均值为(10 947. 64±12 663. 57)U/mg prot;纤维素酶比活力变幅为0. 74～2. 59 U/g prot,均值为(1. 32±0. 27) U/g prot。结果表明,中华绒螯蟹洄游途中较少摄食,洄游早期主要由肝胰腺中贮备的脂肪供能,后期摄食强度则逐渐增大。在其生殖洄游通道上,渔获规格呈递减趋势,且雄蟹总体大于雌蟹;肝胰腺指数与性腺指数表现为消长的变化特征;淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活力呈递降趋势,纤维素酶活性变幅较小,而脂肪酶活性则逐渐上升。     

宁夏六盘山国家级自然保护区蝴蝶多样性调查

为明确宁夏六盘山国家自然保护区蝴蝶群落结构的多样性及其与季节变化特征的关系,采用样线法于2017年4—9月对该保护区内3种不同生境中的蝴蝶群落结构及其多样性时间动态进行调查,并对蝴蝶群落的多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数及优势度指数的变化进行分析。结果显示,在该保护区内共记录蝴蝶标本1 030号,隶属7科38属54种。在不同生境中,眼蝶科Satyridae为优势类群,相对多度为31.55%,绢蝶科Parnassiidae为稀有类群,相对多度为0.10%;蛱蝶科Nymphalidae蝴蝶群落的多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数均最高,分别为1.52、3.53和0.96;凤蝶科Papilionidae蝴蝶群落的优势度指数最高,为0.67;绢蝶科蝴蝶群落的丰富度指数、优势度指数和均匀度指数最低,均为0。在不同调查时间内,粉蝶科Pieridae蝴蝶群落的优势度指数和多样性指数均最高,分别为0.80和2.30;蛱蝶科蝴蝶群落的丰富度指数最高,为3.53;绢蝶科蝴蝶群落的均匀度指数最高,为1.00,但多样性指数、丰富度指数和优势度指数均最低,为0。6月记录到的蝴蝶个体数最多,为384只,9月记录到的个体数最少,仅21只。在物种的时间相似性方面,9月与其它各月的相似性最低,相似系数仅为0.13,处于极不相似水平;6月和7月的相似性最高,相似系数为0.57,处于中等相似水平,其它调查时间的相似性均处于中等不相似水平。表明不同生境和季节的蝴蝶优势种可以作为对生境状况进行评估的指示类群,生境差异性和干扰与蝴蝶群落的物种多样性密切相关,保护六盘山国家自然保护区植被的生境异质性和维持适度干扰是保护蝴蝶多样性的关键。